Inca culture was the last of the pre-Columbian civilizations that maintained its land independence through the Inca Empire until the conquest of Republic of peru past the Castilian during the conquest of America.

Inca culture began in the city of Cusco in the country of Peru, which over time spread to other cities incorporating new territories of Peru and other countries such as Republic of bolivia, Chile and Argentina in the south, and Ecuador and Colombia for the north, where in add-on to but extending lands they were adopting new cultural expressions of the peoples they were conquering in a mixture of cultures.

Origin of the Inca Empire Culture

The Inca culture took as a base the noesis of the pre-Inca predecessor cultures achieving great scientific, technological and artistic advances, the latter still remain very present equally part of the traditional Peruvian, Ecuadorian and Bolivian culture.

The Tahuantinsuyo is the name given to the territory of the Inca empire, this proper name is fabricated up of 2 Quechua words: "tahua" which ways four, and "theirs" which means region. This name is due to the fact that this territory was divided into 4 regions, which were called: Collasuyo to the southeast, Chinchaysuyo to the northwest, Antisuyo to the northeast and finally Contisuyo to the west. In Quechua information technology is chosen "tawantinsuyu".

The Conquest of new territories past the Inca Empire Civilization

For the conquest of new territories, the Incas used affairs, a peaceful side that is actually threatening with a message: "I am powerful, join me and avert a state of war in which you lot and your people can die."

However, when that does not work, then the war comes, when affairs was used, alliances were generated that were sealed with marriage, where the Inca married a woman from each indigenous group or two and also gave the curaca, the principal ethnic, an Aclla Cusqueña to establish the alliance, once these marriages are celebrated at that place is already a political alliance of subordination by the subject.

The conquests of the lordships of chincha on the coast are examples of peaceful conquests where even the Incas respected the powerful divinity that dominated the "Pachacámac" region. When the Incas arrived in this territory, they respected the cult of Pachacámac. In addition, they decided to build the well-nigh important Inca institutions here, for example "the temple of the sun", a sanctuary located in a strategic site in the highest part of the surface area, they as well asked to build the "Acllahuasi" or too called the "business firm of the called women" and the "great plaza of the pilgrims" in general are the three Inca institutions that we observe in almost all places. The Incas respected what was built on which they made other buildings or improved them.

Inca Empire Culture fine art

The Incas excelled in ceramics, goldsmiths and textiles but without reaching the levels of other cultures such as the Chimú, whose artisans were transferred to Cusco to transmit their cognition.

A characteristic piece of Inca pottery is the Aríbalo, which was used to store and transport drinks and foods such as corn chicha and quinoa.

Gods and religion of the Inca Civilisation

Among the main divinities of Tahuantinsuyo nosotros have the Sun, Wiracocha, Pachacamac and the Keel or moon. The maximum priest of the dominicus was Villac Umu and also the worship of the gods was destined for the expressionless or the Malquis or mummified bodies of the ancestors, over time these mummies acquired so much power that they even competed with the same sovereign.

There is a very dramatic phrase that is attributed to huáscar that says that he is sick of this globe being ruled by the dead and he wants to bury and impale the dead and then that the Tahuantinsuyo belongs to the living, and this considering the Inca panacas, the Royal ayllus had many lands and these were associated with the dead who presided in the worship of each of these gods.

History of the Inca Empire Culture

cultura-inca-empire-culture
Inca Empire Culture

The Inca Pachacútec

The Tahuantinsuyo began to get an empire during the government of the Inca Pachacútec in the middle of the 15th century, information technology was at that moment of the transformation that it became from one more than lordship of the Cusco region to beingness a Pan-Andean state.

The inflow of Pachacutec to power is described in various chronicles, they are legendary stories simply based on real events, the truth is that in the beginning decades of the 15th century an aristocracy emerged among the Inca civilization capable of directing the explosive expansion of this lordship and taking party of the favorable circumstances, in this involvement to conquer and to expand the Incas collided with another macro ethnic group that had the aforementioned pretensions "the chancas".

The Chancas

The Chancas were the ones who put up the greatest resistance against the Incas, the history of the Chancas has a series of interesting nuances such as for instance that archaeologists take non constitute that not bad Chanca culture, only a very small civilisation in Ayacucho who were ceramic producers merely non of that peachy culture that was opposed and of which the Inca empire was afraid. So there is probably a deviation between these mythical chancas and the historical chancas, the chancas were determined to beat the Cusco people, the Inca who was ruling at that time was the Inca Wiracocha.

When the Chancas advanced on Cusco, the Inca Wiracocha fled the city accompanied by ii of his sons Urco and Socso who took refuge in a nearby fortress, at that moment of defoliation another son of Wiracocha took over the defense of the city, he did he was brave and chosen himself a Yupanqui Cusi.

The cathedral of Cusco was congenital on the house of the Inca Wiracocha.

Supported past his generals Cusi Yupanqui ordered the defence, some neighboring towns did non want to support the Incas for fright of retaliation by the Chancas, others however decided to side with the Cusco people. With furious war cries the Chancas cruel down in a rush towards Cusco, the Inca defenders dug large trenches covered with branches and earth where many Chancas fell in their speedy career.

Amongst the Cusco defense, the courageous Chañan Cori Coca stood out, who like Mama Huaco is the archetype of the Inca warrior, in the example of Chañan Cori Coca she was a woman who was dedicated to daily rituals but who can also take other roles and then It shows when she is portrayed in a painting in Cusco with the head of a decapitated and encarmine chanca, then she is a woman who has besides carried out this type of warlike deportment.

The forces led by Cusi Yupanqui rejected the advance of the Chanca warriors, taking away the epitome of their deity, the fight was ballsy and the legend says that the rocks became warriors who ended up inclining victory for the Incas.

There is speculation out in that location that the state of war confronting the Chancas is as real every bit the Trojan state of war, due to fantasy actions such equally the transformation of the stones into soldiers, as well every bit the dream of Pachacutec to whom God appears.

Wiracocha wanted to award the victory to his son Urco and both conspired against Cusi Yupanqui, from which Cusi Yupanqui was able to successfully emerge from this conspiracy and ended upwards being crowned Inca with the name of Pachacútec "the transformer of the globe".

After existence defeated, the Chancas went to alive in Andahuaylas, where they currently maintain a keen tradition for the Chancas, they are proud to descend from the Chancas because it was the only land that could cope with the Incas.

Pachacútec was built-in in Cusicancha room that until now we can identify considering it is in front of the Coricancha, his parents were the Inca Wiracocha and Mama Runto who lived in the "Casana", the house of the Inca Pachacútec.

Pachacútec had great intelligence and a very clear vision near what is the state, the ground forces, politics, the people and well-being, taking inspiration from a previous empire chosen Tiahuanaco and restoring the Andean glories of the past, due to this information technology owes its name of "The transformer or restorer of the earth.

Pachacútec rebuilt Cusco, which was only a hamlet, and transformed it into a "Llacta", that is, an imposing Andean urban center full of palaces and magnificent temples. Pachacútec was responsible for the creation of the country so on the i hand he is credited with the commencement of the expansion beyond Cusco, which begins to conquer other settlers assimilating them to Tahuantinsuyo, the origin of the empire but is also the reformer of its own nobility.

The Inca Pachacútec was the ane who rebuilt the former temple of the sun chosen "Inti Cancha" or likewise chosen "enclosure of the dominicus", he ordered to identify ornaments of golden and silver making the proper name of the temple change to "enclosure of golden" or Coricancha . Pachacútec ordered that the lord's day volition occupy the primary site with the representation of Wiracocha on the correct, thus the sun became the principal object of worship of the Tahuantinsuyo.

1 of the works attributed to the Inca Pachacútec is Machu Picchu, a majestic llacta that took many years to get up and where the efficient work system was applied for 2 or three month shifts, who worked with pleasance because they received good nutrient, dressed and chicha.

Machu Picchu was a pocket-sized urban center for approximately 50 grand inhabitants that served equally an urban centre to take refuge in case there was an invasion, including information technology is said that it was the place where the Incas took refuge at the time of the conquest.

Pachacútec was a nifty statesman who carried out an efficient handling of the basic principles of the Inca economy of reciprocity and redistribution.

It had herds of camelids that were an enormous wealth for the Andean people in the highlands, because a large part of the fabrics are fabricated with camel fiber and the fabrics were of extraordinary importance as they served every bit exchanges and to plant reciprocity.

Pachacutec in any style was a great according to the tradition in Inca narrations, he was a slap-up organizer, he conquered fundamentally, he conquered two areas: The highlands, specially the area of Puno and the Mantaro Valley, transforming a small regional lordship into a quite powerful kingdom.

With Pachacútec the system of panacas and halves was defined: Hanan Cusco and Hurin Cusco, the country was divided into Huamaníes or provinces, jails were too installed and the terraces and state warehouses expanded, Pachacútec established the role of the curacas, the regular army and of the officials, he reformed the priesthood and the agenda trying to diminish the power of the priests of the sun, on the other hand a tradition began to be created: the founding myths took shape reinforcing the sacred character assigned to the Inca rulers. In addition, he managed to subdue indigenous groups located in Ica and Lima and sent an expedition to Collao, a region where the "Collasuyo" would later be established.

The Inca Succession

Unlike in Europe, where the eldest son succeeded the rex, in Tahuantinsuyo the Inca rulers chose 1 of their sons to have command. In the Inca there was a catamenia of coordination that served as a test or grooming for the successor. This process begins during the life of the ruler himself and the unlike candidates for Inca within the rank of the nobility are being tested, these young aspiring rulers are sent to war, to make constructions, to enter into alliances and if they do not work then You must brand conquests, in some cases they return dead or fail, but finally in that location is ane who begins to succeed in all these campaigns and is chosen as the successor, so that when the Inca dies the transition is already a process.

When Pachacútec was 60 years one-time and xxx years of ruler, he chose his son Amaru Yupanqui to succeed him, during the co-reign Amaru did not demonstrate the military virtues necessary to assume the throne, and so he was presently replaced by his brother Túpac Yupanqui. The co-reign betwixt Pachacútec and Túpac Yupanqui meant a phase of expansion and splendor of the Tahuantinsuyo, the immature Túpac Yupanqui was an extraordinary warrior who conquered vast regions from the due north declension to the jungle in Chachapoyas.

Tupac Yupanqui

When Túpac Yupanqui conquered the opulent kingdom of Chimú, he brought with him captive non simply his lords but also good craftsmen in ceramics, textiles, metallurgy and plumeria, where thanks to this influence of these extraordinary artisans on the northward coast, the empire reached Great admiration later for the Castilian and subsequently of class for the whole world. The Tahuantinsuyo was growing and a working class with exclusive dedication to handicrafts became necessary, the government ordered that they be established by artisans in Cusco and in other administrative centers.

When Pachacútec died, his son Túpac Yupanqui causeless the accented power of the Inca culture, with him the borders of the Tahuantinsuyo reached as many as 6 countries today, many times the conquests went manus in hand with the transfer of mitimaes, which were the people sent to newly conquered provinces to fulfill state tasks.

The keen conqueror who exponentially expanded the empire of the Incas without a doubt was Túpac Yupanqui and created many administrative centers of the Qhapaq Ñan and among his many conquests the forces of Túpac Yupanqui took possession of Incahuasi in the Lunahuaná valley in Cañete. On the religious level, Tupac Yupanqui had the sun shrine built on an island in Lake Titicaca. It was a complement to the divinity of the coast chosen "Pachacámac".

Túpac Yupanqui died poisoned by 1 of his Chuqui Ocllo secondary wives. Before he died, he chose his son "Cusihuallpa" every bit his successor, whose female parent was Mama Ocllo. Subsequently several attempts at rebellion, Cusihuallpa was recognized equally Inca and was called "Huayna Cápac".

Sacsayhuamán fortress

Sacsayhuamán is an imposing stone structure that dominates Cusco from above, information technology was Túpac Yupanqui who began to build this bully piece of work that was probably completed in the following years by his successors. It is nevertheless not known for sure if sacsayhuamán was designed to exist a fortress or was a monument to the victory of the Incas over the Chancas and that information technology was besides a stage to carry out ritual battles or simulated attacks in which even Huayna one time participated. Cápac, favorite son of Túpac Yupanqui.

In Sacsayhuamán, there are calendrical control structures, water mirrors to see the positions of the sun and it is probably the formalism center of an Inca group, the i belonging to Hana Cusco, the Inca warriors who worship in Sacsayhuamán as opposed to the grouping belonging to the Hurin Cusco that worshiped in the Coricancha. Sacsayhuamán was probably the most important ceremonial center of the Hanan Cusco.

Inca Huayna Capac

Huayna Cápac was a notable Inca who consolidated the plans outlined by his grandpa Pachacútec and preserved the territories conquered by his begetter Túpac Yupanqui, his empire was great and he faced many attempts at rebellion past the conquered peoples, however he managed to stifle every one of them and preserve the unity of the Tahuantinsuyo in its maximum expansion.

Huayna capac who was an emperor who part of his life spent in the equator and the empire expanded its maximum expansion due to this established some other Cusco, where he spread in Ecuador the worship of an oracle in Huamachuco.

When Huayna Cápac conquered southern Colombia, he took possession and even founded a city that gave him the name of "Incano" despite advisers advising him to leave that area because it cost Cusco more than than those inhabitants paid.

The Acllas or chosen women had a very important role in the administration of the Inca.Huayna Cápac was given a large number of Acllas to help him not simply in the rituals, but besides as office of the exchanges that were fundamental in the Tahuantinsuyo in reciprocity and redistribution relationships. They also helped him as weavers, preparers of the people who prepare chicha and other foods in addition to participating in the rituals of the cult of the expressionless.

Information technology is known that each Inca had many women and it is said that Huayna Cápac obtained the largest number of women, reaching approximately 200 women in each saya, however, not in the sense of traditional marriage, but they were women who were office of a union politico who traveled to different regions to become a ramification of the Inca. Where the children became the all-time link in the province dominated by Cusco.

After, they say that strangers appeared in the ocean in large wooden houses (boats) from where they spread unknown diseases that caused nifty mortality in the population, of which Huayna Cápac and his successor Ninan Cuyuchi fell victims of these epidemics, so the succession to the throne she became confused.

Huáscar, who was also the son of Huayna Cápac, seized Cusco, meanwhile his brother Atahualpa idea that the north belonged to him as it was the land of his mother and his ancestors, it would not take long for the ceremonious state of war to break out between the two brothers and the powerful 1 to crumble. Pan-Andean state that had been built by Pachacútec, Túpac Yupanqui and Huayna Cápac, "the imperial Incas".